Central Asia’s digital economy is currently undergoing a major transformation in the regulatory space. As the region becomes increasingly reliant on digital platforms and cross-border services, Central Asian governments are taking measures to assert clearer jurisdictions over online activities.

Recent policy developments in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan signal a transition towards heightened regulatory oversight, with a particular emphasis on tax compliance, content governance and the legal accountability of foreign digital service providers. These developments include Uzbekistan’s recently adopted regulation for e-commerce operators, the country’s recently published draft law on content moderation, a major restructuring of relevant authorities in Tashkent, a currently ongoing consultation process in Kazakhstan about future requirements for the local operations of foreign online platforms, as well as similar a public consultation in Kyrgyzstan.

While the pace and scope of reforms vary across countries, a common trend is emerging: foreign digital platforms operating without a formal presence in the region are being brought into the national legal framework. Across Central Asia, there is a growing emphasis on specific requirements, which include the establishment of a local office, the appointment of an official representative, adherence to data and content regulations and the utilization of domestic payment systems.

The policy developments are a clear call to action for digital service providers operating in or seeking entry into Central Asian markets. The establishment of a compliant local presence, ensuring timely responsiveness to official requests and aligning with emerging regulatory standards are rapidly becoming preconditions for uninterrupted access to the region's digital economy. Participation in ongoing consultations and early adaptation to forthcoming legal obligations will be essential for international businesses in the region.